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This dataset contains the responses to the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) collected across various studies. It contains the following:

  • study: the study from which the data originates (see source below)

  • lang: language of the study (English or French)

  • id: unique identifier for each participant

  • sex

  • gender (if distinct from sex)

  • age

  • vviq: total score on the VVIQ

  • tas: total score on the TAS

  • tas_identify: Difficulty Identifying Feelings (DIF) subscale

  • tas_describe: Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF) subscale

  • tas_external: Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) subscale

  • tas_group: categorical variable indicating alexithymia status (alexithymic or non-alexithymic)

  • vviq_group_4: categorical variable indicating VVIQ group with 4 levels (aphantasia, hypophantasia, typical, hyperphantasia)

  • vviq_group_3: categorical variable indicating VVIQ group with 3 levels (aphantasia, hypophantasia, typical/hyperphantasia)

  • vviq_group_2: categorical variable indicating VVIQ group with 2 levels (aphantasia/hypophantasia, typical/hyperphantasia)

  • items: nested list-column with individual VVIQ and TAS item responses when available

  • other_data: nested list-column with other questionnaire data collected in the studies that are not used in the current analyses

Usage

all_data

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 1478 rows and 16 columns.

Source

Data collected by various teams in online experiments:

  • Ale & Burns (2024): https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kj5d3 (study name "burns")

  • Monzel et al. (2024): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100106 (study name "monzel")

  • Ruby (2025): Original data collected by Perrine Ruby at the Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (study name "ruby")

  • Mas (2025): Original data collected by Marine Mas et al. at Louvain (study name "mas")

  • Kvamme et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6fhj4_v1 (study name "kvamme")